céréalière (2 ha), apport massif de fumier puis entretien par apport de broyat.
Edouard Stalin a créé sa ferme en 2012. Le système de production s’appuie sur les liens avec la nature notamment avec la mise en place d’un verger maraîcher
et l’installation de nichoirs. En 2019, Louise Deffontaines (BTSA Aménagements Paysagers, Ingénieur à l’Institut Technique en Ingénierie de l’Aménagement du Paysage & de l’Espace) rejoint l’aventure. Edouard & Louise cultivent principalement des variétés anciennes pour leurs qualités gustatives et commercialisent leurs produits en circuits courts.
Gestion globale cherchant les externalités positives d’un système naturel par la restauration des écosystèmes et optimisation de la biodiversité. Régénération progressive des sols anciennement travaillés par apport de compost et de fumier pour ensemencer en micro-organismes puis amendement sous forme de broyat (depuis 2018 : uniquement broyat).
Développement de l’atelier de plantes aromatiques et médicinales (séchoir et laboratoire de transformation), augmentation de la production de fruits), limitation de la mécanisation sauf pour certains itinéraires culturaux pour gagner en confort de travail.
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Edouard ne se déplace que pour livrer les légumes et fruits aux restaurateurs. La majorité des clients viennent sur la ferme pour récupérer leur panier ou lorsque le magasin est ouvert.
Edouard et Louise se disent satisfaits de leur cadre de vie et attribuent une note de 8 pour les indicateurs économiques car il y a toujours une marge de progression. Edouard & Louise transmettent leurs connaissances en accueillant deux stagiaires de Mars à fin Septembre via le programme de compagnonnage proposé par Fermes d'Avenir. Les stagiaires sont nourris, logés et blanchis. De plus, Edouard donne des cours d'agronomie à la MFR de Coqueréaumont (15 jours en total), ce qui lui permet de transmettre son expertise aux futur(e)s maraîcher(e)s. La ferme de la mare des Rufaux s'inscrit donc dans des démarches de transmission au niveau territorial.
Edouard & Louise achètent les plants de patates. Un chantier de plantation est organisé avec leur voisin agriculteur. La production de patates est donc mutualisée avec les voisins.
L’une de ses premières actions à était d’acheter à un pépiniériste qui partait à la retraite 200 arbres (pommiers et poiriers) qu’ils a planté en 2012. Ces arbres qui avaient entre 3 et 5 ans sont des hautes tiges (franc) avec 2 points de greffes. La système racinaire est celui d’un franc (c’est à dire qu’on part du pépin) ce qui procure à l’arbre un système racinaire puissant qui va s'ancrer profondément et donner le caractère vigoureux et puissant de l’arbre haute tige. Le tronc à été sélectionné pour être bien droit et le point de greffe fait à 1,8 m du sol donne la variété choisie et détermine les propriétés gustatives des fruits.
Il y a en tout 12 variétés qui n’ont pas été sur-greffées.
Edouard a pu faire le pari de planter autant d'arbres car il les a achetés à environ 3 euros pièces. Le verger est planté est/ouest pour limiter l’ombre portée sur les légumes, car le maraîchage reste l’activité principale de la ferme contrairement aux vergers classiques qui sont plantés nord/sud pour avoir un mûrissement des fruits homogène sur l’arbre.
Il a aussi installé ses planches entre les arbres. Les deux premières années Edouard utilisait la charrue, donc il a contraint les racines des arbres à descendre dans le sol ce qui limite aujourd’hui la concurrence pour l’eau avec les légumes. Les rangs d’arbres sont tous les 8 m avec 4 planches de légumes entre chaque rang d’arbre. Au début les arbres ne posaient pas de problème malgré la taille de formation en gobelet mais avec la croissance ils commençaient à faire trop d’ombre et le passage avec le tracteur devenait difficile. Si c’était à refaire, il conseillerait d’enlever un rang sur 2.
Une taille des arbres est faite 1 fois par an par un tailleur professionnel. Avec l’aide de Mathias André, ils ont décidé de revoir la formation initiale des arbres, de couper des charpentières et de donner une forme palissée aux arbres sans pour autant les contraindre avec des fils. Sous ces arbres il y a des framboisiers, de la rhubarbe ou des cardons sur bâche, pour gérer l’enherbement. Cette nouvelle taille apporte de la lumière aux planches et réduit la production des arbres le temps qu’ils se rééquilibrent. En 2021 il y avait 8 tonnes de pommes dont 6 sont transformées et après retaillage du verger 4 tonnes. Les pommes sont vendues en direct et/ou transformées en jus de pomme pressé et stérilisé dans un pressoir chez un ami céréalier/chimiste.
L’entretien du verger est fait uniquement avec de la taille, déléguée à Mathias André. Il n’y a aucun produit ou décoction d'appliqué. Il n’y a pas non plus de de fertilisation, les arbres récupèrent les reliquats de paillage (paille ou compost de déchets verts des planches de légumes). Edouard fait appelle aux “insecticides gratuits” c'est -à -dire les mésanges qui luttent contre le carpocapse. C’est pourquoi il a installé 50 nichoirs pour ces dernières, afin qu’elles trouvent le gîte et le couvert et restent dans le verger.